英语句型虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气的用法 一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。 条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述语气。 你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 假若明年我有钱，我就去日本。 If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan. 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 If 主语＋动词过去式 主语＋should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 If 主语＋had +动词过去分词 主语＋should/would/could/ might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 If 主语＋动词过去式 ＋should＋动词原形 ＋were to＋动词原形 主语＋should/would/could/ might＋动词原形 1 .表示跟现在事实相反 从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）＋动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could＋动词原形。 要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。 If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth. 如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。 If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。 If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 2 与过去的事实相反 从句的谓语用had＋过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have ＋动词过去分词。 如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。 If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided. 假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。 He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education. 假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。 If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time. 3 与将来事实相反 从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋动词过去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might ＋动词原形。 假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？ If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他看见我， 就会认识我。 If he should see me, he would know me. 假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？ If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view? 4 If从句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它们放在句首，省略if,与主语颠倒形成倒装，但动词过去式不可以与主语倒装。 如果他在，他会来帮助我们。If he were here,…. Were he here, he would come to help us. 假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。If you had been here just now,…. Had you been here just now, you would have met her. 假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这一切。If I should see him… Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 6 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with, without, but for等。 What would you do with a