四级语法讲座2.docVIP

英语语法讲座第二讲 ??从 句 (重点三? 定 语 从 句)（本页面所有练习题答案见页脚） I.? 考点分析定语从句主要考点是关系代词，尤其是that, as, 介词+which的用法。 II．知识点定语从句也称形容词性从句，在整个句子中起定语的作用。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词和代词之后，这种名词和代词被称为先行词。 引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。其中，关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which等，在从句中可作主语、宾语，定语等；关系副词有when, where, why等词，在定语从句中只用作状语。其中： 1. who, whom, whose指人，在从句中分别作主语（在非正式英语中也可作宾语,但可省略）、宾语和定语；whose也可指物，作定语；that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语；which指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语。注意：whom, that, which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。请看例句： 1）The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 2) The man (who) I saw is called Smith. 3) I know the man (whom) you mean. 4) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 5) Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 6) A letter that is written in pencil is hard to read. 7) The letter (that) I received from him yesterday is very important. 8) Is he the man that sells eggs? 9) That is the boy (that) you are looking for. 2. When 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在从句中都作状语。例如： 1) We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. 2) He has reached the point where a change is needed. 3) That is no reason why you should leave. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。限定性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面修饰、限定先行词，它与先行词之间没有逗号，去掉后会影响全句意思的完整性。非限定性定语从句用来解释、说明先行词或主句所指内容，与先行词之间用逗号隔开。 1) I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow. 2) Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. III．定语从句中的四级考点:1.在下列情形下只能用that，而不能用which。 1)序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时： a. The first English novel that I read was the Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. b. Tom is the most diligent students that I have ever known. 2) 先行词是不定代词或被All, everything, nothing anything, something等不定代词修饰先行词时： a. Mr. Green had told us something that we should do in the summer vocation. b. I heard all that she told to her mother. 2. that, which 和as 非限定性定语从句中的先行词在从句中作主语指人、指物或主句所指代的一个意义时，引导词不能用that，而只能用which或 as。而后两者的区别是which引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句中和句末，却不能置于句首，as引导的从句既可放在句中、句末，也可置于句首。 a.? He once helped a woman, which(as) was reported in the newspaper. ?? The dog, which(as) is black, is running toward the st