公路通行能力和服务水平.docVIP

Highway Capacity And Levels of Service Capacity Defined A generalized definition of capacity is: The capacity of any element of the highway system is the maximum number of vehicles which has a reasonable expectation of passing over that section (in either one or both directions) during a given time period under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions. A sampling of capacities for modern highway elements is as follows: Facility Capacity in Passenger Cars Freeways and expressways away from ramps and weaving sections, per lane per hour 2000 Two-Lane highways, total in both directions, per hour 2000 Three-lane highways, total in each direction, per hour 2000 Twelve-foot lane at signalized intersection, per hour of green signal time(no interference and ideal progression) 1800 In treating capacity，TRB Circular 212 divides freeways into components: basic freeway segments and those in the zone of influence of weaving areas and ramp junctions. Capacities of expressways，multilane highways，and two- and three-lane facilities also have the two components: basic and those in the zone of influence of intersections. Each of these is treated separately below. Speed-Volume-Capacity Relationships for Basic Freeway and Multilane Highway Segments A knowledge of the relationships among speed，volume，and capacity is basic to understanding the place of capacity in highway design and operation. Figurel3.1，which gives such a relationship for a single freeway or expressway lane, is used for illustrative purposes. If a lone vehicle travels along a traffic lane，the driver is free to proceed at the design speed. This situation is represented at the beginning of the appropriate curve at the upper left of Fig. 13.1. But as the number of vehicles in the lane increases, the drivers freedom to select speed is restricted. This restriction brings a progressive reduction in speed. For example，many observations have shown that，for a highway designed for 70 mph (113km/h)，when