初中定语从句讲解及练习经典必备.doc

★哈佛大学★英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站：/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 初中定语从句讲解及练习 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 只能使用that,不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 　(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday. 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话 (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句