并行处理与体系结构课件hitsz-lec01.pptx

Chapter 1:Fundamentals of Computer Design;Outline: ;What is Computer Architecture?;4;5;Crossroads: Conventional Wisdom in Comp. Arch;Crossroads: Uniprocessor Performance;Change in Chip Design;Taking Advantage of Parallelism;Pipelined Instruction Execution;Limits to pipelining ;The Principle of Locality;Levels of the Memory Hierarchy;What Computer Architecture brings to Table;Comp. Arch. is an Integrated Approach ;Computer Architecture is Design and Analysis;Outline: ;Focus on the Common Case;Amdahl’s Law;Amdahl’s Law example;Processor performance equation;Relating Metrics;Clocks;What’s a Clock Cycle?;;;CPI Example;Outline: ;Desktop: personal computer;Feature;Outline: ;Instruction Set Architecture: Critical Interface;Example: MIPS architecture;Register to register;ISA vs. Computer Architecture;Outline: ;Moore’s Law: 2X transistors / “year”;Tracking Technology Performance Trends;Disks: Archaic(Nostalgic) v. Modern(Newfangled);Latency Lags Bandwidth (for last ~20 years);Memory: Archaic (Nostalgic) v. Modern (Newfangled);Latency Lags Bandwidth (last ~20 years);LANs: Archaic (Nostalgic)v. Modern (Newfangled);Latency Lags Bandwidth (last ~20 years);CPUs: Archaic (Nostalgic) v. Modern (Newfangled);Latency Lags Bandwidth (last ~20 years);Rule of Thumb for Latency Lagging BW;6 Reasons Latency Lags Bandwidth;6 Reasons Latency Lags Bandwidth (cont’d) ;6 Reasons Latency Lags Bandwidth (cont’d) ;6 Reasons Latency Lags Bandwidth (cont’d) ;Outline: ;Define and quantity power ( 1 / 2);Example of quantifying power ;Define and quantity power (2 / 2);Outline: ;Cost of Integrated Circuits depends of several factors: Time: The price drops with time, learning curve increases Volume: The price drops with volume increase Commodities: Many manufacturers produce the same product Competition brings prices down;The price of Intel Pentium 4 and Pentium M;AMD Opteron Microprocessor Die;A 300mm silicon wafer contains 117 AMD Opteron microprocessor chips in a 90nm