非金属元素的同素异形体一-北京大学.pdfVIP

大学化学(Daxue Huaxue) September Univ. Chem. 2017, 32 (9), 21－34 21 ∙知识介绍∙ doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201704022 非金属元素的同素异形体(一) ——氢和硼的同素异形体概述 邸友莹1 杨 奇2 周春生1 乔成芳1 崔孝炜1 高胜利1,2,* 1 ( 商洛学院化学工程与现代材料学院，陕西商洛726000 ； 2 西北大学化学与材料科学学院，西安710127) 摘要：进行了同素异形体概念的探讨。简要叙述了氢和硼2 种典型非金属元素形成的各种同素异形体的 存在、组成以及结构、制备和性质，首次将多种硼富勒烯、硼纳米管、硼单层平面等晶态硼的内容补充 在硼的同素异形体中，并强调了计算化学对同素异形体的预测和现代科学技术发展对制备的作用及其在 材料中的应用。 关键词：同素异形体；氢；硼；结构；性质；应用 中图分类号：G64 ；O6 The Allotropes of Nonmetallic Elements (I): An Overview of Hydrogen and Boron Allotrope DI You-Ying1 YANG Qi2 ZHOU Chun-Sheng1 QIAO Cheng-Fang1 CUI Xiao-Wei1 GAO Sheng-Li1,2,* 1 ( College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China; 2 College of Chemistry Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, P. R. China) Abstract: This paper discusses the concept of allotrope and briefly describes the existence, composition, structure, synthesis and property of various allotropes formed by two typical nonmetallic elements- hydrogen and boron. Some contents about crystalline boron, such as boron fullerenes, boron nanotubes, boron monolayer, have been added to the allotropes of boron for the first time. Meanwhile, the prediction of computational chemistry to chemical allotropes and the development of modern science and technology in the application of materials have been emphasized. Key Words: Allotrope; Hydrog