科技英语标点符号使用.ppt

标点符号 英文标点符号与中文标点符号在形式上的差别： 句号为句点、省略号为连续排列的3个句点; 英文中没有顿号“、”和书名号“《》”; 英文中有撇号“ ’ ”, 中文则没有. 标点符号的主要用途: (1) 连接词或承接句子各部分: 连字符、冒号、分号、破折号; (2) 封闭句子各部分: 成对出现的逗号、破折号、引号、括号; (3) 表示省略: 省略号、句号(缩写点)、撇号(表省略); (4) 用于表示句子的结束: 句号、问号、感叹号 标点符号 逗号 ( , comma) 分号 ( ; semicolon) 破折号 ( ? en dash或 ? em dash) 连字符或连接号 (- hyphen) 1. 分隔3个以上的并行的数字、单词、短语或从句 Water, sodium hydroxide, and ammonia were the solvents. The red needles were collected, washed with toluene, and dried in a vacuum desiccator. (注意: 在该类表达中, “and”前面是否加逗号, 所表达的含义是不同的.) 2. 分隔以数字或字母标识的一系列单词或短语. Damage resulted from (1) vibration, (2) ground cracking, (3) subsidence, and (4) sea waves. 3. 分隔不同级次的地名. The specimens of species newly identified were deposited in the museum in Cairo, Egypt. 4. 分隔相邻, 但无关联的数据. 如: By the end of 1935, 1000 experiments had been completed. 5. 分隔在句子中间引导一系列单词或短语的that is, namely, for example, i.e., e.g., 等. These oxides are more stable in organic solvents (e.g., ketones, esters, and ethers) than previously believed. 6. 分隔以for instance, together with, as well as, in addition to等引导的插入语或旁白. 如: Several individual flows, each thicker than 25 meters, have been traced for more than 160 kilometers. 7. 分隔表示对比关系的单词、短语或独立子句. 如: It is orange, not red. The greater the risks, the greater will be the probable gain from the treatment. 8. 分隔引导性单词、短语或从句. Where data are inaccurate or insufficient, results deviate from what is expected. On cooling, a crystalline phase may develop in coexistence with an amorphous phase. 9. 分隔非限制性从句或非限制性同位语, 对于限制性从句或限制性同位语, 则不用逗号分隔. Switch A, which was on a panel, controlled the recording device. (非限制性从句) The switch that stops the recording device also controls the light. (限制性从句) Raymond Turner, a mammalogist, described the 2 species. (非限制性同位语) The species Bombyx mori is distinguished from other species by…. (限制性同位语) 10. 分隔以“such as”或“including”引导的非限制性