空气动力学电子教案Chapter_03.ppt

PART II INVISCID INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Inviscid, incompressible Flow 3.1 Introduction and Road Map From an aerodynamic point of view, at air velocities between 0 to 360km/h the air density remains essentially constant, varying only a few percent. Purpose of this chapter is to establish some fundamental relations applicable to inviscid, incompressible flows and to discuss some simple but important flow fields and applications. 3.2 Bernoulli’s Equation Derivation of Bernoulli’s equation Step 1. x component momentum equation without viscous effect and body forces Velocity field of the combined flow. Velocity field of a uniform flow: Velocity field of a source flow: Conclusion: The combined velocity filed of a uniform flow and a source flow is simply direct sum of the two velocity fields. Therefore, not only can we add the values of velocity potential or stream function to obtain more complex flows, we can add their derivatives, i.e., the velocities as well. Analysis of the shape of the streamlines in the combined flow field. Equation of streamlines of the resulting flow: Every streamline can be denoted as a solid wall Among all the streamlines, which one we are interested most? A special point in the flow field --- stagnation point At the stagnation point Solving for and . We find one stagnation point located at The stagnation point is located directly upstream of the source for a distance increase decrease increase increase The value of stream function at the stagnation point is Hence, the streamline that passing through the stagnation point is described by , and it is the curve ABC shown in the figure. Conclusion: (for inviscid flow) 1. Any streamline of the combined flow could be replaced by a solid surface. 2. Curve ABC is a dividing streamline. 3. The entire region inside ABC could be replaced with a solid body of the same shape. 4.