四级语法讲座第一讲语法结构.ppt

????? 丢分原因： 1、基本语法概念不清楚； 2、答题中找不到考点； 3、复习时不知道要覆盖哪些内容。 做好语法题的关键 1.看清考点（通常是根据选项的形式); 2.在题中寻找线索; 3.再去与相应的语法概念联系起来。如： If I _________ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. (02/12/35) ? A) worked??? B) were to work???? ???C) had worked???? D) were working 解析 根据四个选项可以看出１）这是考动词的时态的，这类题可包括时态题和虚拟语气题；２）接下来去寻找线索，一眼可以看出前面的If；３）再去看主句中用了…would be sitting，此时可以肯定这是一道非真实条件的虚拟语气题．再下来就得小心一点了，根据主句中的would+动词原形，似乎是一般现在时或一般将来时的虚拟语气，似乎要选A）或B）了。但究竟是哪一个呢？此时不仅要注意到主句中的“now”，还要看从句中的“at school”，所以这是一个错综时间的条件句，正确的答案是C)。 四级重点语法项目 四级考试中的重点语法项是： （星号表示其重要级别） ? ?  重点一 虚拟语气 I．应试策略虚拟语气可以说是四级考试中No.1重要的语法项，考查的重中之重是错综时间类型、含蓄条件类型、意愿类型和几个特殊的句型。 虚拟语气题的特点是：四个选项可能是过去时、过去完成时、动词原形，再加上一个其它的干扰项，如进行时（将考生的注意力引向时态）、分词或不定式（将考生的注意力引向非谓语动词）等。做题时要善于发现线索。 II. 基本概念 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况，大致分为以下几种： 一、 含有非真实条件的虚拟语气 例句 现在? ?If I were free today, I would go shopping with you.过去? ?If I had been free yesterday, I would have gone shopping with you.?将来? ?If I were to be free tomorrow, I might go shopping with you.? 注意: 1. 在正式用法中，从句中第一/三人称的过去式不用was，而要用were。例如： If I were invited, I would come. ?????If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 2. 条件句中如省略if，要用倒装句型。 例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. ???? Could I do it, I would surely do it. ??? Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do? （万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办？） b. 错综时间的条件句 是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时）???????? 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去) If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) c. 省略条件句的含蓄条件句 如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill. (=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.) A true friend w