专外Lesson 1.doc

Lesson 1 Text Civil Engineering New Words and Phrases predominate 统治，支配 v. intr. To have or gain controlling power or influence; prevail: Good predominates over evil in many literary works. To be of or have greater quantity or importance; preponderate: French-speaking people predominate in Quebec. ... Predominant; Predominantly; Predominance Dead load predominates in the design. Geotechnical 岩土工程的 Geology, Geography，geotechnics 土工学; 地质技术学；geotechnique 土工学 Specification Specify 指定, 详细说明; specify the seismic load. Specify the boundary conditions specific 明确的；specifically 特定地，明确地 Surpervise 监督, 管理, 指导 surpervise a design; surpervision subcontractor 转包商，次承包者 contract, contractor, contract, expand hurricane 飓风 A severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually involving heavy rains. Typhoon A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans. Tornado 龙卷风，陆龙卷： A rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to 500 miles (800 kilometers) per hour. A violent thunderstorm in western Africa or nearby Atlantic waters asphalt 沥青 A brownish-black solid or semisolid mixture of bitumens obtained from native deposits or as a petroleum byproduct, used in paving, roofing, and waterproofing. asphalt concrete 沥青混凝土; 地沥青混凝土 bitumen damp-proof course 沥青防潮层 Any of various flammable mixtures of hydrocarbons and other substances, occurring naturally or obtained by distillation from coal or petroleum, that are a component of asphalt and tar and are used for surfacing roads and for waterproofing. a`luminum runoff Rainfall not absorbed by soil. 径流：未被土壤吸收的降雨; runoff and soil loss 径流和土壤流失; 径流和土壤流失 An extra competition held to break a tie. 决赛：打平手者之间另加的比赛 lock lock and dam 闸坝; lock and weir 闸坝; lock