第六讲_软件工作量估计.pptVIP

3.3 由底向上估计(Bottom-up Estimating) Break project into smaller and smaller components [2. Stop when you get to what one person can do in one/two weeks] 3. Estimate costs for the lowest level activities 4. At each higher level calculate estimate by adding estimates for lower levels Produce overall estimate using effort driver(s) Distribute proportions of overall estimate to components design code overall project test Estimate 100 days 30% i.e. 30 days 30% i.e. 30 days 40% i.e. 40 days 3.4自顶向下估计(Top-down Estimating) Bottom-up versus Top-down Bottom-up use when no past project data identify all tasks that have to be done – so quite time-consuming use when you have no data about similar past projects Top-down produce overall estimate based on project cost drivers based on past project data divide overall estimate between jobs to be done 3.5 Albrecht/IFPUG function points 由IBM的Albrecht等人提出 估计的工作量与实现无关 识别信息系统的五种不同类型的构件或功能 所有构件的加权和就是系统的功能点 五种构件组成 External input (EI) types 外部输入类型 – input transactions which update internal computer files. External output (EO) types 外部输出类型– transactions which extract and display data from internal computer files. Generally involves creating reports External inquiry (EQ) types 外部查询类型 – user initiated transactions which provide information but do not update computer files. Normally the user inputs some data that guides the system to the information the user needs. 五种构件组成 Logical interface file (LIF) types 内部逻辑文件类型– equates roughly to a datastore in systems analysis terms. Created and accessed by the target system. External interface file types (EIF) 外部接口文件类型– where data is retrieved from a datastore which is actually maintained by a different application. 权：构件的复杂度 External user types Low complexity Medium complexity High complexity EI 3 4 6 EO 4 5 7 EQ 3 4 6 LIF 7 10 15 EIF 5 7 10 练习 练习：一个系统有中等复杂度和高复杂度的外部输入类型各一个；一个中等复杂度的外部输出类型；一个中等复杂度的内部逻辑文件类型；一个低复杂度的外部接口文件类型。求系统的功能点。 Medium EI 4 FPs High complexity EI 6 FPs Medium complex