溶剂萃取法处理废旧锌锰电池的研究.doc

溶剂萃取法处理废旧锌锰电池的研究 丛 俏 曲 蛟 张 雷 （渤海大学化学化工学院，辽宁 锦州 121000） 摘要 研究溶剂萃取法提取废旧锌锰电池中锌、锰金属的实验。选择废旧锌锰电池为处理样品，通过破碎、水浸及酸浸条件的研究，获得酸浸的最佳条件及含锌锰离子的稀溶液，并利用模拟体系得到的萃取结果进行浸取液的萃取性能研究，最后对所得的锌锰混合溶液分离得到高锰酸钾和锌溶液。 关键词 废旧锌锰电池 酸浸 二（2-乙基己基）磷酸 溶剂萃取 Study on disposal of the spent Zn-Mn battery by the method of the solvent extraction Cong Qiao, Qu Jiao Zhang Lei. (Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Bohai University，Jinzhou Liaoning 121000) Abstract: Solvent extraction of Zn and Mn from spent battery had been studied to recycle spent battery. The spent Zn-Mn battery of was used as the treatment sample. The stave, water immersion and acid pickling conditions were studied, then the best acid pickling conditions obtained, such as the solid-liquid ratio, reaction time and sulfuric acid quality score. And the diluted solution with zinc and manganese ions were obtained. The extract results which were obtained from the simulation system was used to carry on the extract performance research. The best extract progression, extracted liquid composition, pH and so on were explored. At last, zinc manganese mix solution which was obtained from the counter-extract was separated and it was made into high potassium manganese and zinc solution. Keywords: Spent Zn-Mn battery Sulfuric acid P204 Solvent extraction 我国生产的电池有％为锌锰电池和碱锰电池，其主要成分为锰、汞、锌、铬等重金属。废电池无论在大气中还是深埋在地下，其重金属成分都会随渗液溢出，造成地下水和土壤的污染，日积月累，会严重危害人类健康。1 实验仪器 pH计；722型分光光度计；电磁搅拌器；真空抽滤泵；烘箱；常用玻璃仪器。 1.1.2 主要实验试剂 华太1号和5号废旧电池；硫酸（AR）（AR）AR）；高氯酸（AR）；盐酸（AR）；浓硝酸（GR）；过氧化氢；锌粒；电解锰；碳酸钙粉末（AR）（AR）（AR）（AR）（AR）（AR）（AR）（AR） Mn（OH2+H2O2→MnO2+2H2O MnO2+ H2O2+2H+→Mn2++2H2O+O2↑ 2Mn2++14H++5NaBiO3→2MnO4-+7H2O+5Bi3++ 5Na+ [Zn(OH)4]2-+4HCl→Zn2++4H2O+4Cl- 1.3 工艺流程 工艺流程见图1。 图1 工艺流程 1.4 实验方法 1.4.1 破 碎 取华太电池1号和5号若干锯开，取出黑色固体烘干去除水分备用，所得铜帽、锌皮、碳棒回收。 1.4.2 水 浸 将1.4.1所得黑色固体用2 L水浸取4 h，然后抽滤，将所得固体残留物烘干得黑色粉末备用。 1.4.3 酸浸条件的研究 （1）不同固液比 分别用不同体积的质量分数为20%的硫酸浸取40 g黑色粉末，室温下，电磁搅拌2.0 h使金属溶解。浸取液为紫色，含多种金属离子。采取同样方法进行第二级浸取，分析锌锰离子的质量浓度。 （2）不同质量分数的硫酸 取90 mL不同质量分数的硫酸分别置于盛有3