6【Media Access Sublayer】.pptVIP

Communication NetworksLecture 6-Media Access Sublayer Buaiguo patriotic@126.com Medium access sublayer A number of systems are connected to share medium: Who gets access? Used for LANs WANs use point-to-point Medium Access Sublayer Channel Allocation problem Single channel has to be shared among multiple users Solutions: static allocation user gets a channel for the whole conversation dynamic allocation channel capacity allocated for a user is not fixed; depends on usage Static channel allocation Using FDM or TDM to divide channel capacity among N users Inefficient bandwidth use: some users may be idle Users may be denied access even when other users do not use their allocated capacity Long time service delay T Note that this is not unrealistic; most traffic has burst nature Dynamic channel Allocation Assumptions: 1. Station model: N independent stations generating frames within interval Δt with probability = λ*Δt λ is frame rate (frames/second) 2. Single communication channel 3. Collision occurs when 2 frames are transmitted simultaneously Dynamic channel Allocation 4.Time is a) continuous, or b) slotted (discrete intervals) 5. Distinguish ‘carrier sense’ and ‘no carrier sense’ Multiple Access Protocols Different protocols: ALOHA : pure and slotted CSMA : carrier sense multiple access protocols Collision free protocols Limited contention protocols Wireless LAN protocols ALOHA Station transmits as soon as if it has a frame. Pure Aloha : 18.4% Slotted Aloha Divide time in discrete intervals Maximal utilisation of channel (see fig 4-3): Pure Aloha : 18.4% Slotted Aloha : 36.8% Carrier Sense Protocols Variants: 1-persistent CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) non-persistent CSMA p-persistent CSMA CSMA with collision detect (CSMA / CD) CSMA 1-persistent listen to channel and transmit as soon as channel becomes idle (greedy approach) if collision, wait random time, and try again Note: Long propagation delays must be avoided (if not, a greater chance exist