第3-4章comparative advantage(翻译版).pptVIP

Comparative Advantage Factor Proportions比较优势和要素比例 Why Everybody Trades Mercantilism （重商主义） National well-being: national holdings of gold and silver国家福利:国家持有黄金和白银 One nation could gain only at the expense of other countries一个国家只有在损害其他国家利益的前提下才能获得利益 Zero-sum activity/ game 零和竞争 Encourage exports鼓励出口 Restrict imports限制进口 What is national well-being The ability to consume goods and services消费产品和服务的能力 Its stock of human, man-made, and national resources available股票，人造品，国家资源可利用 Positive-sum activity/ game合作博弈也称正和博弈 Adam Smith, 1776, Wealth of Nations国富论 Mercantilism in the 21st Century21世纪的重商主义 Focus on employment关注就业 Neo-mercantilists新重商主义 Trade Protection, restrictions on international trade在国际贸易上的贸易保护和限制 Declining, alive and well in this century在这个世纪的下降，生存和活得好 Trade on Absolute Advantage贸易上的绝对优势 Adam Smith亚当斯密 Absolute advantage （绝对优势）and absolute disadvantage （绝对劣势） One-factor model, labor单因素模型，劳务 Labor productivity劳动生产率 Absolute advantage US: wheat The rest of world: cloth National well-being in international trade bushel/yard在国际贸易庭院/标准上的国家福利 National well-being before and after international trade 国际贸易前后的国家福利 （gains from trade) Absolute Advantage U.S: U.K: What if U.S has absolute advantages on both wheat and cloth U.K has absolute disadvantages Theory of Comparative Advantage比较优势理论 David Ricardo大卫李嘉图 Labor value, The opportunity cost劳动价值，机会成本 The principle of comparative advantage比较优势的原理 Specialize in the production of and export the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller (comparative advantage)专业生产和出口商品在它的绝对劣势是较小的 and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater (comparative disadvantage)进口商品在它的绝对劣势是更大的 Theory of Comparative Advantage Greatest relative advantage ( least relative disadvantage)最大的相对优势（最小的相对劣势） Least relative advantage ( greatest relative disadvantage)最小的相对优势（最大的相对劣势） Relative price相对价格 Barter易货 before trade在贸易之前 Specialization专业化 Price range价格区间 1.125≥ international price of cloth ≥0.83(li