ch04(改).pptVIP

Chapter4 Resources and Trade:The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 资源和贸易：H-O模型 Introduction导论 A Model of a Two-Factor Economy两要素经济模型 Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies国际贸易对两要素经济的影响 Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model实证检验 Summary总结 Appendix: Factor Prices, Goods Prices, and Input Choices附录：要素价格、商品价格和投入选择 Introduction In the real world, while trade is partly explained by differences in labor productivity, it also reflects differences in countries’ resources.在真实的世界中，劳动力生产率差异部分解释了贸易的发生，同时，国家资源的不同也能反映了部分原因。 The Heckscher-Ohlin theory: Emphasizes resource differences as the only source of trade强调资源不同作为贸易的惟一来源 Shows that comparative advantage is influenced by:比较优势受两个方面的影响 Relative factor abundance (refers to countries)生产要素相对充裕程度 （自然资源） Relative factor intensity (refers to goods)生产中不同要素的相对密集使用程度（技术水平） Is also referred to as the factor-proportions theory要素比例理论（H-O理论或资源禀赋理论） 4-1 A Model of a Two-Factor Economy 两要素经济模型 Assumptions of the Model假设 An economy can produce two goods, cloth and food.两种产品：棉布和粮食 The production of these goods requires two inputs that are in limited supply; labor (L) and land (T).生产需要两种投入要素（受供给的制约）：劳动力和土地。 Production of food is land-intensive and production of cloth is labor-intensive in both countries.土地密集型和劳动密集型两种产品 Perfect competition prevails in all markets.完全竞争 Factor Prices and Goods Prices要素价格与商品价格 Stolper-Samuelson Theorem (effect):（斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森效应：反映要素价格与商品价格之间关系） If the relative price of a good increases, holding factor supplies constant, then the nominal and real return (in terms of both goods) to the factor used intensively in the production of that good increases, while the nominal and real return (in terms of both goods) to the other factor decreases.在要素供给约束的条件下，一种商品的相对价格上升，对于生产密集使用的要素而言，用两种商品衡量的名义收益和真实收益均增加；但对于其他要素收益则下降。 The reverse is also true. An increase in the price of cloth relative to that of food, PC/PF ,will:棉布的相对价格上升 Raise the income of workers relative to that of landowners, w/r. 提高工人