第5章Factor-proportions theory.pptVIP

Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade Factor-proportions theory要素比例理论 Factor-endowment theory生产要素禀赋理论 Basic assumptions for H-O model资源禀赋理论的基本假设 There are two factors of production: L, K; r, w The technology sets available to each country are identical.该技术集提供给每一个国家都是相同的 The production of both goods is subject to constant returns to scale.这两种商品的生产是受收益规模不变控制的 Countries differ in their endowments of factors of production.不同国家的生产要素禀赋也是不同的 Basic assumptions for H-O model Taste in the two countries are identical. No transport cost, no tariff or NTBs没有运输成本，没有关税或非关税壁垒 Perfect competition in both commodity market and factor market, factor mobile freely at home, not abroad.在商品市场和要素市场的完全竞争，在国内而不是国外要素是自由移动的 Factor proportions因素比例 The Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory要素禀赋理论 Difference in relative factor abundance and relative factor prices不同要素的相对丰富和要素的相对价格→ pre-trade difference in relative commodity prices贸易前商品相对价格的不同 Relative abundance of factors in the nations在国家里要素是相对丰富的 The basic cause or determinant of comparative advantage and international trade比较优势和国际贸易的基本原因或决定因素: the difference in relative abundance of factor endowment要素禀赋的相对丰富的不同. H-O MODEL A nation will export the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively abundant and cheap factor and import the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively scarce and expensive factor.一个国家将出口的商品，它的生产是需要大量使用国家相对丰富和廉价的因素，而国家进口的商品，则它的生产需要大量使用国家相对稀缺和昂贵的因素 H-O Model A country exports the products that use its abundant factors intensively and imports the products using its scarce factors intensively.一个国家出口使用其拥有的丰富的因素所生产的产品和进口使用其稀缺的因素所生产的产品 The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Without trade The Heckscher-Ohlin Model With trade Who gains and who loses within a country在一个国家内，谁获益谁遭受损失 Export-oriented sector (出口导向部门） import-competing sector (进口竞争部门） Short-run effects of opening trade开放贸易的短期影响 long-run effects of opening trade开放贸易的长期影响 Effects of free trade in the short-run Effects of free