测控技术与仪器专业英语张凤登电子课件UNIT9ManipulativeDevices.pptVIP

UNIT 9 Manipulative Devices 9.1 Text Final Control Elements 终端控制单元 9.4 General Knowledge 段落的组成 文章（composition）的构成要素之一是段落（paragraph），而段落是由句子（sentence）组成的。 段落的组成（续） 尚辅网 / New Words solenoid [s?ul?n?id] n. 电磁线圈，螺线管，电磁阀 pneumatic [nju:m?tik] a. 气动的 hydraulic [haidr?:lik] a. 液动的，液压的 tub [t?b] n. 桶 rinse [rins] v. 漂洗，漂净 blower [bl?u?] n. 鼓风机，吹风机 cereal [si?ri?l] a. n. 谷物的；谷物 pellet [pelit] n. 颗粒，粉末 throttling [θr?tli?] n. 节流调节 detrimental [,detriment?l] a. 不利的，有害的 globe [ɡl?ub] n. v. 球形，球体；使…成球形 pinch [pint?] n. 收缩，夹紧 butterfly [b?t?flai] a. n. 蝶形的；蝴蝶 flange [fl?nd?] n. v. 法兰，凸缘；（在…上）安装法兰[凸缘] thread [θred] v. n. 拧螺丝，上螺母；线（状物），螺纹 Notes be prone to 倾向于 Exercises 1. Answer the following questions. ⑴ A interface between a controller and the process it controls. Various types of switching elements， actuators， control valves， heaters， and electric motors are essential components. ⑵ The switching action may be accomplished mechanically by an actuator， electromechanically by a solenoid， electronically by a solid-state device. ⑶ Stepper motors and servomotors provide the “muscle” for robotic arms. ⑷ Process requirements， correct valve sizing， suitable flow characteristics of the valve， fail-safe mode， proper choice of valve body type， and correct installation should be considered. ⑸ They are globe (including three-way and angle)， gate， diaphragm， and pinch. ⑹ Hydraulic actuators are used where slow， precise positioning is required， or where heavy loads must be moved. Hydraulic actuators operate at higher pressure than pneumatic actuators， so they can provide larger forces from a given-size cylinder or motor. Pneumatic actuators are used where lighter loads are encountered， where an air supply is available， and where fast response is required. Pneumatic actuators are less expensive than hydraulic actuators， and they are capable of much faster movement. The speed of a hydraulic actuator is limited by the maximum flow ra