地球物理学前沿-章节问题.docxVIP

C1:背景噪声成像主要流程？下载数据（2-3年的连续波形数据）。连续数据离散化。预处理。地震数据去除，而后补齐（正变为1，负变为-1）。台站队互相关。叠加。提取Vp，Vg(相速度和群速度)。反演地下三维结构。A) download data (2-3 years of continuous waveform data). B) discretization of continuous data. C) pretreatment. D) seismic data are removed, and then filled (positive to 1, negative to -1). E) interstaion cross-correlation. obtainGreen function from two stations.F) stacking.，obtaina more reliable Green function.G) extractVp and Vg (phase velocity and group velocity). H) Inversion of underground 3D structure. 蒙特洛反演的大致流程？流程：a) 输入观测数据和必要的判别指数 ;b) 在一定的原则下 , 有指导的随机的生成模型 ;c) 对初始模型进行正演计算 , 并检验它是否合符要求。保留合格解 ,撇弃不合格解 ;d) 如是不合格解 ,则返回 b) ,如合格 ,则终止程序。优点：适应性很强 ,受条件限制小 , 不管有多复杂的问题 , 不管其维数多高 ,非线性程度多大 , 都可以使用。而且可以获得满意的解或解集由于蒙特卡洛法的收敛速度与问题的维数无关 ,因此特别适用于大规模、多参数问题的反演蒙特卡洛法易于编程 , 占用内存不大便于理解缺点：收敛速度不可能快 ,这就大大地增加了计算时间和成本 , 使它在实际应用中受到了很大的限制蒙特卡洛法的误差仅具有概率性质 , 其解是在某一置信度或概率意义下求得的‘最佳’解 , 不具通常意义下的‘最佳’性质process：A) input observational data and necessary discriminant indices; b) guided random generative model under certain principles; c) forwardmodeling of the initial model and test whether it is true or not Coincidence requirement. Retain qualified, unqualified cast solution; D) if it is unqualified, then return to B, if qualified, then terminate Program. Advantage：(a) adaptability is very strong, the condition is limited, no matter how complex the problem, regardless of its dimension is high, the degree of nonlinearity, can be used. Moreover, satisfactory solutions or sets of solutions can be obtained B) because the convergence speed of the Monte Carlo method is independent of the dimension of the problem, it is especially suitable for the inversion of large scale and multi parameter problems C) Monte Carlo method is easy to program and occupies little memory D) easy to understand Shortcoming: The convergence speed of a can not be f