3rd Edition Chapter 4第三版4章.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Network Layer 4-* IPv6 Header (Cont) Priority: identify priority among datagrams in flow Flow Label: identify datagrams in same “flow.” (concept of“flow” not well defined). Next header: identify upper layer protocol for data “6to4 Translation” 4-byte IPv4 - 16-byte IPv6 A.B.C.D - :2002:aabb:ccdd/80 “:aa:”=“A in 2-char hex” “:bb:”=“B in 2-char hex” etc. IPv4 address can become an IPv6 sub-net with 80 bits for “host” addresses (1e24 hosts) /wiki/6to4 Slide modified 10/23/2012 by JAC “6to4 Translation” 4-byte IPv4 - 16-byte IPv6 A.B.C.D - :2002:aabb:ccdd/32 “:aa:”=“A in 2-char hex” “:bb:”=“B in 2-char hex” etc. IPv4 address can become an IPv6 sub-net with 80 bits for “host” addresses (1e24 hosts) /wiki/6to4 Example – 6to4 convert 5 to IPv6 address Convert the decimal byte-representations to hex: 130 = 0x82 207 = 0xCF 17 = 0x11 25 = 0x19 IPv6 addresses are written with colons separating every 16 bits (4 hex characters). :0000: can be written :: The first 16 bits 0x2002 are a reserved /16 block of addresses reserved for IPv4 translations. :2002::::::::/16 Next add the IPv4 32 bits: :2002:82CF:1119::::::/48 This is not just a single IPv6 address, but a block of 2^80 possible host addresses that can replace private subnet addresses, like /16s. Network Layer 4-* Other Changes from IPv4 Checksum: removed entirely to reduce processing time at each hop Options: allowed, but outside of header, indicated by “Next Header” field (segmentation is done in Options Header, only if needed) ICMPv6: new version of ICMP additional message types, e.g. “Packet Too Big” multicast group management functions Network Layer 4-* Transition From IPv4 To IPv6 Not all routers can be upgraded simultaneous no “flag day” How will the network operate with mixed IPv4 and IPv6 routers? Tunneling: I