3rd Edition, Chapter 5 – The Fengs - Thefengs.com.pptVIP

Chapter 5: The Data Link Layer Our goals: understand principles behind data link layer services: error detection, correction sharing a broadcast channel: multiple access link layer addressing reliable data transfer, flow control: done! instantiation and implementation of various link layer technologies Link Layer 5.1 Introduction and services 5.2 Error detection and correction 5.3Multiple access protocols 5.4 Link-Layer Addressing 5.5 Ethernet and other data link layers 5.6 Hubs and switches 5.7 PPP 5.8 Link Virtualization: ATM and MPLS Link Layer: Introduction Some terminology: hosts and routers are nodes communication channels that connect adjacent nodes along communication path are links wired links wireless links LANs layer-2 packet is a frame, encapsulates datagram Adaptors Communicating link and physical layers implemented in adaptor/NIC (Network Interface Card) RAM, DSP chips, host bus interface, and link interface Ethernet card, PCMCIA card, 802.11 card sending side: encapsulates datagram in a frame adds error checking bits, rdt, flow control, etc. receiving side looks for errors, rdt, flow control, etc extracts datagram, passes to upper layer at receiving side datagram transferred by different link protocols over different links: e.g., Ethernet on first link, frame relay on intermediate links, 802.11 on last link Protocol stack picture Host adaptor Link Layer Functions Flow Control pacing between adjacent sending and receiving nodes Reliable delivery between adjacent nodes we learned how to do this already (chapter 3)! seldom used on low bit error link (i.e. fiber, twisted pair) wireless links: high error rates Eschew end-to-end principle for performance Security Demux to upper protocol Framing encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, trailer Link Layer Functions (more) Error Detection errors caused by signal attenuation, noise. receiver detects presence of errors: signals sender for retransmission or drops frame Error Correction receiver ide