DC-DC变换器学习手册.pdf

Maxim Design Support Technical Documents Tutorials Power-Supply Circuits APP 2031 Keywords: DC to DC, buck, boost, flyback, inverter, PWM, quick-PWM, voltage mode, current mode skip, synchronous rectifier, switching regulator, linear regulator TUTORIAL 2031 DC-DC Converter Tutorial Nov 29, 2001 Abstract: Switching power supplies offer higher efficiency than traditional linear power supplies. They can step-up, step-down, and invert. Some designs can isolate output voltage from the input. This article outlines the different types of switching regulators used in DC-DC conversion. It also reviews and compares the various control techniques for these converters. Introduction The power switch was the key to practical switching regulators. Prior to the invention of the Vertical Metal Oxide Semiconductor (VMOS) power switch, switching supplies were generally not practical. The inductors main function is to limit the current slew rate through the power switch. This action limits the otherwise high-peak current that would be limited by the switch resistance alone. The key advantage for using an inductor in switching regulators is that an inductor stores energy. This energy can be expressed in Joules as a function of the current by: E = ½ × L × I² A linear regulator uses a resistive voltage drop to regulate the voltage, losing power (voltage drop times the current) in the form of heat. A switching regulators inductor does have a voltage drop and an associated current but the current is 90 degrees out of phase with the voltage. Because of this, the energy is stored and can be recovered in the discharge phase of the switching cycle. This results in a much higher efficiency and much less heat. What is a Switching Regulator? A switching regulator is a circuit that uses a power switch, an inductor, and a diode to transfer energy from input to output. The basic components of the switching circuit can be rearranged to form a step-down (buck)converte