Design Psychology 设计心理学 英文课件.ppt

Design of everyday things Summary so far: many so-called human errors are actually errors in design human factors became important as human performance limitations reached when handling complex machinery  You will soon know these important concepts for designing everyday things perceived affordances causality visible constraints mapping transfer effects idioms population stereotypes conceptual models individual differences why design is hard Perceived Affordance The perceived properties of the object that suggest how one could use it Perceived Affordances Product design perceived affordances: design invites people to take possible actions actual affordances: the actual actionable properties of the product Problems occur when these are not the same, people’s perceptions are not what the designer expects Perceived Affordances Perceived Affordance Problems Perceived Affordances GUI design perception only through visuals designer creates appropriate visual affordances via familiar idioms metaphors Perceived Affordances Perceived Affordance Problems Perceived Affordance Problems Perceived Affordance Problems Perceived Affordance Problems Handles are for lifting, but these are for scrolling! Complex things may need explaining but simple things should not when simple things need labels instructions, then design has failed Visible Constraints Limitations of the actions possible perceived from object’s appearance provides people with a range of usage possibilities Which side do you use for cutting? Visible constraints: Entering a Date The more constraints, the less opportunity for error particularly important for managing user input Mapping The set of possible relations between objects Control-display compatibility the natural relationship between controls and displays e.g., visual mapping of stove controls to elements Mapping Control-display compatibility mimic diagrams for feedback / control imitates physical layout Mapping Control-display