The Process of Academic Writing科技文献写作的步骤.ppt

Part I Academic Writing Introduction Academic Writing, as the name implies, is the kind of writing that you are required to do at college or university. Its differences can be explained in part by its special audience, tone, and purpose. Whenever you write, consider you specific audience, that is, the people who will read what you have written. Tone is your style or manner of expression. It is revealed by your choice of words and grammatical structures and even the length of your sentences. Considering Audience 1. Topic The importance of eating a healthy diet that is low in fat. Audience 1: A weight-loss club Audience 2: A second grade class Considering Audience Audience 1: A weight-loss club Four points: description of physical effects of a healthy diet; detailed statistics; influence on lifestyle; sample diets and foods that are healthy and low in fat Tone: informal, direct, informative Considering Audience Audience 2: A second grade class Four points: physical effects of a healthy diet in simple terms; statistics in simple figures; importance of making future choices; sample foods that are healthy and low in fatTone: informal, friendly, informative Considering Audience 2. Topic Why companies should allow casual work attire on Fridays Audience 1: The companys managers Audience 2: Your staff Considering Audience Audience 1: The companys managers Four points: specific statistics associated with casual Fridays and worker efficiency; discussion of casual Fridays and employee satisfaction; examples of casual Fridays in the workplaces of close competitors; employee opinion poll on this issue. Tone: respectful, direct, formal, persuasive Considering Audience Audience 2: Your staff Four points: history of your companys policy toward casual Fridays; definition of casual Fridays (what clothes are permissible, etc.); prevailing attitude among employees and management toward casual Fridays; a call for further discussion about this issue.To