平衡阀的设计.doc

摘要 液压平衡阀是一种重要的液压元件，在现代工程机械中特别是起重机械中应用广泛。平衡阀具有限速与安全的作用，能使液压机械动作平稳。它泄漏量小，克服了以往很多平衡回路的缺点，既能使工作部件平稳运行，又有很好的闭锁性能，能适应功率较大、负载变化大而又要求下降平稳和能长时间锁紧的机构中。此外，平衡阀还可用于防止水平液压缸在运行过程中受突发的反向载荷作用而引起运动速度失控，使执行器的运动速度不受负载大小和方向突然变化的影响，始终按预先设定的速度平稳运行。它是当前液压技术的重要发展方向之一。本文的中心任务是平衡阀的设计、性能分析和参数的讨论。 本文全面综述了平衡阀的优点及其主要研究内容，并总结了国内外平衡阀的研究与应用现状。 本文参考FD型平衡阀的设计原理，设计了一个对称式的平衡阀。本文采用理论计算与建模分析相结合的方式对阀内关键零部件如主阀芯、控制阀芯、阀体等进行了详细设计分析，其中对主阀的各个细小尺寸的确定都是经过详细的计算过程后才确定的。另外对节流口的设计也进行了分析计算和讨论。 本文通过列方程讨论了平衡阀的静态性能后，通过建立平衡阀的动力学模型，给出了平衡阀应用在液压系统中的结构框图和传递函数，对影响平衡阀的稳定性和稳定柔度的参数进行了定性的分析。把平衡阀简化成二阶振荡系统后，计算出了其固有频率和阻尼比。 最后讨论了平衡阀的常见故障及其发现、区分和修理的方法，并对整个论文进行了总结和展望。相信随着新材料和新工艺的发展，平衡阀将有着广阔的应用前景。 关键词： 平衡阀 节流口 静态性能 动力学模型 振荡系统 Abstract Hydraulic counter-balance valve is an important sort of hydraulic components. It is widely used in modern engineering machine, especially in the crane. The counter-balance valve owns the functions of limiting velocity and guaranteeing safety. It has good ability in less leakage, overcoming shortcomings in many balance circuits in the past. That is, it can let the working components performance smoothly, and has a good capability of lock. It can be used in the more powerful, load changing big mechanism, which also require a smooth descent and a long time lock. Besides, counter-balance valve can also be used to preventing horizontal hydraulic cylinder out of control, making actuator not affected by a sudden changing of load. So actuator can always operate smoothly based on the preset velocity. It is a very important research area in modern hydraulic component with vast prospective application. The main target of this dissertation is to design counter-balance valve, analyze its performance and discuss the effects of parameters. The benefits and main research contents of counter-balance valve are introduced carefully and the newest domestic and overseas general researching and applying situation of counter-balance valve are discussed. This dissertation introduces a symmetric counter-balance valve