The Roman Invasion and Conquest of Britain：罗马入侵并征服了英国.ppt

The Roman Invasion and Conquest of Britain The First Invasion The first Roman general to invade Britain was Julius Caesar. While fighting Celtic tribes in Gaul (modern France), Caesar believed they were getting help from the Celtic people of Britain. He resolved to invade Britain and punish those people. Crossing the Channel In 55 B.C. Caesar set sail with a fleet of ships to cross over to Britain. He planned to land near the famous white cliffs of Dover. British Resistance However, Caesar reports that the British people were waiting for him, and threw down upon his troops a barrage of spears and stones, so that the landing for the Roman soldiers was made very difficult. Caesar’s Second Invasion After some initial skirmishes with various Celtic tribes, since winter was approaching, Caesar decided to return to Gaul. However, in the spring of 54 B.C. he attempted a second invasion of Britain. This time he was able to land without opposition. He marched inland and set up a fort. End of Caesar’s Invasions In 54 B.C. Caesar fought a few small battles with the British tribes, and then concluded some treaties with their kings. Soon, he again left Britain, in order to return to Rome, where political developments demanded his attention. He never got back to Britain, for in 44 B.C. he was assassinated. Emperor Claudius Invades Almost 100 years went by, before the Romans again turned their attention to Britain. In 43 A.D. Emperor Claudius sent an invasion force of about 40,000 soldiers to conquer the island and make its people submissive to Roman power. The Britons Submit to Rome Claudius’ army was too great for the Britons to resist. Soon, a number of the Celtic kings decided to ask for terms of peace. Claudius himself came to Britain to receive a pledge of loyalty to Rome from these kings. Britain was now officially a part of the Roman Empire. Roman Power Changes Britain The British people were very agricultural and rural. They had small villages, but no real cities. The Rom