第四讲 ARM指令系统（3课时）.pptVIP

* This slide shows the sequence of actions involved in handling a SWI. 1) The SWI is invoked in the user program (either C or ASM). Parameters may have been placed in registers before the SWI. The SWI number is embedded in the SWI instruction itself. 2) The SWI vector is taken. This includes switch to SVC mode. 3) The vector points to a handler which is written in ASM. This is where the SWI number is extracted from the SWI instruction (by back-tracing through LR). Optionally, parameters may be placed on the stack prior to calling a C handler. If a C handler is not used, the parameters may be used directly from the registers. 4) Optionally, a C handler may be used to carry out the bulk of the SWI processing. In order to be able to pass the SWI number plus four other parameters to this routine (more than we can usually pass in registers), the SWI number is passed in a register together with a pointer to the other parameters which are placed on the stack prior to the call. The C handler is a normal C function. * TST指令：如果指令的结果为0，则Z＝1；不等于0，则Z＝0 EQ：Z=1；NE：Z=0 * * * 1a) MOV r0,#16 or LDR r0,=16 1b) MOV r0,r1,ASR#4 (note, though, that this is not what the compiler will produce since this instruction does not truncate towards zero correctly...) 1c) RSB r1,r2,r2,LSL#2 or ADD r1,r2,r2,LSL#1 1d) RSB r0,r0,#0 2a) YES 2b) NO 2c) YES 2d) NO 2e) YES 2f) NO - but can use MVN rn,#0 3) AND NOT operation (‘bit clear’) 4) To preserve orthogonality of the instruction set. 2nd operand is more flexible, and subtract is not commutative (x-y is not the same as y-x). Extra question if required: why do we have a BIC instruction? Because AND is a common operation with an immediate to clear bits. Normally the programmer wishes to just clear a few bits - hence the immediate would contain a lot of 1’s so that most bits are left unchanged. However immediate constants containing mostly 1’s and just a few 0’s cannot be represented using the ARM “8 bits rotated by an even number