宋代状元研究The study of the top yuan in the Song Dynasty.pdf

I Research Zhuangyuan of the Song Dynasty A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Henan University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of History By HouYanhua Supervisor: Prof. Cheng Minsheng Date: April, 2013 I 摘 要 状元的称谓并非起源于唐代，而是起源于宋太祖开宝八年 （975 年）王嗣宗科，从 此历代进士第一人正式称为状元。而相对于状元称谓出现更早的状头，宋代以后就成为 状元的别称。宋代状元的产生由多种因素构成，从个人因素上来说，状元从小就有较好 的资质，或聪明好学，或记忆力惊人，才思敏捷，或少年老成，志向远大，或文学成就 较高。宋代状元的获得与当时的社会风气、皇帝的喜好和一些其他因素也有关系。同时 家庭出身、游学拜师和地域文化对状元的产生也有很大的影响。宋代状元初授官职基本 一致，在以后的仕途生涯中，却表现不尽相同。他们当中大多数人都做到了相当高的职 位，仅有一小部分人的职位不高。对于状元仕途来说，升迁相对比较平稳，也受其它因 素的影响而具有一定的不确定性，有的升迁较快，有的则升迁较慢。宋代状元大多数能 够在所处的职位上尽职尽责，一些状元还参与了外事活动。只有少数状元政绩较为卓著， 极少数状元政绩不好，为人诟病。影响状元仕途的因素主要有入仕的时间，个人品性， 党争和奸臣当道，这几个因素有时单独起作用，更多的时候是交织在一起，共同影响状 元的仕途。宋代状元作为当时选拔人才的产物，势必对宋朝社会产生深远影响，其影响 主要集中在对国家和文化教育两个方面。 关键词：宋代；状元；科举 I Abstract The traditional view of zhuangyuan was coined in the tang dynasty, but actually it was first coined in song MAO Bao eight years (975) Wang Sizong division, from then on, jinshi, the first man called kwame brown, appeared many times. And an earlier form emerged in the literature after song dynasty scholar, zhuangtou became a scholars nickname. A variety of factors caused the production of zhuangyuan of Song dynasty on some subjective factors, they have better qualifications in their childhood, such as smart ,studious, or good-memory, quick-minded, or an old head on young shoulders, and some of them is famous in literature at a young age. And also zhuan