篇平面等参元.pptVIP

the invariance of the strain energy density is That strain energy density may be expressed as Here En is a stress-strain matrix that relates natural stresses to natural strains as (natural constitutive matrix) Strain, stress, and material property transformation 等参表示 (The Isoparametric Representation) Isoparametric representation of triangular elements. isoparametric element (“iso” means equal), often abbreviated to iso-P element. The key idea is to use the shape functions to represent both the element geometry and the problem unknowns. The terms isoparametric and superparametric were introduc