Grammar-定语从句.docVIP

Grammar—Attributive Clause 一、限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。This is the house which we bought last month.（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。　　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 注意:先行词是those、anyone用who 2.whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况 　引导非限定性定语从句时。　介词后不能用。　We depend on the land from which we get our food.　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　 　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. 　先行词既有人，又有物时。All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. ⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时只用that Who is the man that won the gold medal? Which is the bike that you lost? ⑦有两个定语从句时，一个用which另一个用that The secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. ⑧当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时用that Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 5.关系代词which的用法 prep. which