定语从句10.docVIP

定语从句定语从句及相关术语定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。.关 系 词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。先 行 词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。关系代词1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： 　The person who broke the window must pay for it.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： 　Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： 　The book whose cover is green is mine.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： 　Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that指人在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： 　Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： 　I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： 　This is the house where we lived last year.，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I don‘t know the reason why he came so late. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用如果去掉定语从句，The old man has a son , who is in the army . 那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作The old man has a son who is in the army.那老人有一个在部队工作的儿子.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which, whose不能用that关系副词用when，where. 不能用whyHe didnt pass the exam, which disappointed me. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. My sister, who is living in Beijing, is a doctor. Well graduate in July, when we will be free. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 四．关系代词that, which, who的特殊用法 一).修饰物时只能用that的情况 　1当先行词是all, none, everything, anything, nothing, few, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) .All that can be done has been done. 　2当先行词被序数词修饰 　　The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 　3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 　　This is the best film that I have seen. 　4 当先行词既有人 　　Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?　5 当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时，如：　 (1)This is the book that was bough