summary特点总结.docxVIP

The Characteristic of summary1. DefinitionBy summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. key points of a summary: A summary should be brief, complete,?accurate, coherent and objective.Brief: omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/41/3 of the original textComplete: to include all the main and supporting points delivered in your own words.Accurate: to give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherent: rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.first, in the first part, in the introductory partsecond, next, in the second partthen, afterwards, after that, in addition to that, also, furthermorefinally, at last, in the end, as a conclusion, on the whole, in a word, to sum up, last but not least,as a result, soObjective:?Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary1) skim the?text to find out the general theme 2) analyze the texts structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)3) write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4) organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5) proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. At the beginning of a summary, we usually elicit引出 the authors name and the name of the chapter/ article.摘要 （或文摘），也就是英文的 Abstract 顾名思义，是一篇文章摘出来的要点。其内容讲究的是对文章内容的高度压缩，强调的是对文字本身的概括，不能夹带图表、参考文献。摘要（Abstract）写好了很不简单，原因是其对文数的限制比较严格。一般SCI英文论文摘要允许200 - 300字，很少有超过500字的。摘要不论是在书里还是论文中，都是放在文前。许多SCI期刊对摘要的格式有不同的要求，比如结构摘要，非结构摘要等。是出于出版形式的考虑，本质和目的不变。提要（或简介），即英文的 Summary ：既然称之为提要，即包含提炼和