英美文化 03 A Brief British History.docVIP

A Brief Exploration of British History Several Famous Kings before 1066 King Arthur, king of the Britons in the sixth century a.d. and to have held court at Camelot [????????] (a legendary place). 卡米洛特(传说中英国亚瑟王宫廷所在地) King Alfred the Great (849-899), king of Wessex (871–899), a Saxon kingdom in southwestern England. He prevented England from falling to the Danes and promoted learning and literacy. Compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle began during his reign, c. 890. The Middle Ages 1066, Norman Conquest, William of Normandy Crusade, [?????????] the military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land (Palestine [??????????] where Jesus Christ once lived) from the Moslems. [????????????????] (The Moslems were seen as infidels. [????????] ) 异端, 异教徒 (It manifested Britain as a Christian country.) 1337~1453, Hundred Years’ War, Joan of Arc. After 1066, the English King kept extensive territories in France, which caused many disputes and finally the war. After the war, England became completely severed from France, and the English language finally took the place of French in all classes of society. The Renaissance Period 1455–85, Wars of Roses, (preceded the strong government of the Tudors), Fought between the Houses of Lancaster [?????????] and York for the English throne, the wars were named many years afterward from the supposed badges of the contending parties: the white rose of York and the red of Lancaster. (In the Middle Ages, the nobles were very powerful.) Great change in religious belief: (1534) Protestant Reformation by Henry VIII, Establishment of the Church of England (the Anglican Church). ( Edward VI, 1547-1553) Henry VIII’s elder daughter Mary (1553–58) (Bloody Mary) was responsible for the counter-revolution. (The first queen to rule England) Mary tried in vain to restore Roman Catholicism in England. During Queen Elizabeth(1558–1603), (byname? The Virgin Queen, ?or ?Good Queen Bess) En