材料热力学习题答案2.docVIP

The problems of the second law 1 The solar energy flux is about 4J cm2/min. in no focusing collector the surface temperature can reach a value of about 900℃. If we operate a heat engine using the collector as the heat source and a low temperature reservoir at 25℃, calculate the area of collector needed if the heat engine is to produce 1 horse power. Assume the engine operates at maximum efficiency. (2.1) Solution 2 A refrigerator is operated by 0.25 hp motor. If the interior of the box is to be maintained at -20℃ ganister a maximum exterior temperature of 35℃, what the maximum heat leak (in watts) into the box that can be tolerated if the motor runs continuously? Assume the coefficient of performance is 75% of the value for a reversible engine. (2.2) Solution: 3 suppose an electrical motor supplies the work to operate a Carnot refrigerator. The interior of the refrigerator is at 0℃. Liquid water is taken in at 0℃ and converted to ice at 0℃. To convert 1 g of ice to 1 g liquid. △H=334J/g is required. If the temperature outside the box is 20℃, what mass of ice can be produced in one minute by a 0.25 hp motor running continuously? Assume that the refrigerator is perfectly insulated and that the efficiencies involved have their largest possible value. (2.3) Solution: 4 under 1 atm pressure, helium boils at 4.126K. The heat of vaporization is 84 J/mol what size motor (in hp) is needed to run a refrigerator that must condense 2 mol of gaseous helium at 4.126k to liquid at the same temperature in one minute? Assume that the ambient temperature is 300K and that the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is 50% of the maximum possible. (2.4) Solution: 5 if a fossil fuel power plant operating between 540 and 50℃ provides the electrical power to run a heat pump that works between 25 and 5℃, what is the amount of heat pumped into the house per unit amount of heat extracted from the power plant boiler. assume that the efficiencies are equal to the theoretical maximum