第四章 向现代过渡时期的英国Transition to the Modern Age (1455 – 1688).docVIP

Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age （1455 – 1688） ?　　I. 本章知识点　　1.重点：　　① the nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses　　② Henry VIII and the English Reformation　　③ Elizabeth I and Parliament　　④ Elizabeth’s religious reform and her foreign policy　　⑤ Distinctive features of the English Renaissance 　　⑥ The Civil Wars and their consequences　　⑦ The Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell　　⑧ The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution　　2.难点、考点： 　　① the English Reformation　　② Elizabeth I　　③ English Renaissance　　④ The Restoration　　⑤ the Glorious Revolution　　II.课本内容　　一、 the nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses （pp40-42）　　1. The nature: a revival of baronial activity; the Wars of the Roses was fought between two branches of the Plantagenet family, the House of Lancaster （symbolized by the red rose） and the House of York （the white rose） between 1455 and 1485. 　　This time the instability was caused by the two branches of the Plantagenet family, the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485.　　2. The name was coined by 19th century novelist Sir Walter Scott. 　　The name Wars of the Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist Sir Walter Scott, but it has become the accepted way of referring to these battles between the great House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white.　　3. The interests of the majority of the common people were not deeply engaged.　　4. The last battle was fought between Richard III and Henry Tudor in 1485. Henry Tudor, after his victory, married Elizabeth of York, thus uniting the Houses of Lancaster and York and putting the country under the rule of the Tudors. 　　On August 22, 1485 at Bosworth Field in Leicestershire the last battle of the Wars of the Roses was fought between Richard III and another claimant to the throne, Henry Tudor, part-Welsh grandson of Owen Tudor and descendant of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.　　Soon after his vi