果树栽培学实验指导书.doc

果树栽培学 实验实习指导书 (园艺专业用) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 河南科技学院果树栽培教研室 二00五年一月 ?目　录 果树树种、品种的识别 实验1　　主要果树树种的识别································ 3 实验2　　主要果树品种（品种群）的识别············· 5 实验3　　果实分类与构造观察·················· 10 果树生物学特性 实验4　　果树物候期的观察···················11 实验5　　果树根系的观察··················· 13 实验6　　果树树体结构和枝芽特性的观察············ 15 实验7　　果树生长结果习性的观察（一）苹果、梨、桃、葡萄···· 17 实验8　　果树生长结果习性的观察（二）核桃、枣、扁桃······ 19 实验9　　 果树树冠体积及叶面积指数的测定············21 实验10　　果树花芽分化的观察··················23 ? 花　果　管　理 ? 实习11　 果树树势的判断与估产················· 25 实习12 果树人工辅助授粉·················· 27 实习13 果树的疏花、疏果和套袋················ 28 ? 果　树　育　苗 ? 实习14　 果树种子生活力的测定与层积处理········· 30 实习15　 播种前的种子催芽处理··········· 31 实习16　 果树种子的播种和管理············ 32 实习17　 果树的嫁接（一）芽接和枝接·············· 33 实习18　 果树的嫁接（二）室内嫁接·········· 35 实习19　 果树的高接···················· 36 实习20　 果树的桥接················ 37 实习21　 果树主要砧木的识别·················· 38 实习22 　矮化效应调查················· 41 实习23　 果树的扦插和压条················ 43 实习24　 苗木的挖掘、分级、包装和假植············· 44 ? ? 果　园　建　立 ? 实验25　 果园的调查····················· 46 实验26　 果园的规划和设计 ················· 47 实习27　 果树栽植技术················ 49 ? 果树土肥水管理 ? 实验28　 落叶果树缺素症的观察················ 50 实验29　 果树的施肥方法················· 51 ? 果　树　整　形　修　剪 ? 实验30　 果树修剪反应调查··················· 53 实习31　 果树的夏季修剪···················· 54 实习32 苹果的整形修剪···················· 56 实习33　苹果匍匐栽培的整形修剪················ 58 实习34 梨树的整形修剪···················· 59 实习35 葡萄的整形修剪···················· 61 实习36 桃的整形修剪···················· 63 实习37 枣的整形修剪···················· 65 实习38　核桃的整形修剪···················· 66 ? 果　园　其　他　管　理 ? 实习39　　生长调节剂的配置和应用················68 实习40　　果实的采收、分级和包装················71 实习41　　果树的防寒······················73 实习42　　果树的冻害调查····················74 实习43　　果园管理工作历的制订·················77 实习44　　果树标本的保存和制作·················78 ? 果树种类、品种识别 ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 实验1 　主要果树树种的识 ????一、目的要求 ? 1．从植物形态识别主要果树的特