原文 观察社区中的休闲娱乐的方法System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities.docVIP

System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC): Reliability and Feasibility Measures Thomas L. McKenzie, Deborah A. Cohen, Amber Sehgal, Stephanie Williamson, and Daniela Golinelli Data Analysis Activity Variables—For activity measures, counts were tallied for those engaged in sedentary, walking, and vigorous activity in each area to obtain a summary score for females and males. Proportion of individuals in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), a frequently expressed concept,3, 19, 20 was created by summing the walking and vigorous categories. Units of Analysis—For contextual characteristics of activity areas, the unit of analysis was one scan of one area. For all other variables, the unit of analysis was a gender- and periodspecific summary, with the exception of summary park-level variables (e.g., total areas per park), when park was the unit of analysis. To compute gender and period-specific summaries for each park, daily means of counts based on the seven observation days for each target area at each park were computed. Using these scores, totals were computed by aggregating counts across activity areas separately by gender and time period for each park. Results of Observations To assess the utility of SOPARC, assessors completed 4511 visits to target areas in the parks and recorded both user and area characteristics each time. Each park was observed on each day of the week, but the 7 d were not consecutive. Park User Characteristics Assessors observed a total of 16,244 individuals, an average of 2031 per park (range = 629 to4875). More park users were seen in the evening (40.6%), followed by the afternoon (30.0%), noon (23.7%), and morning (5.6%) time periods. The ethnicity/race of park users was coded as Latino (79.5%), Black (19.0%), White (0.6%), and Other (0.9%). These proportions were consistent across gender. Figure 2 shows more adults (43.4%) used the parks than children(33.5%), teens (18.5%), and seniors (4.7%). As expected, m