自考UnitOne.pptVIP

 Unit One TEXT I Hit the Nail on the Head (恰到好处；一语中的） I. Pre-reading Questions 1. Suggested Answer (SA): It means exactly right in words or action. 2. SA: The author advises that the English students should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in their writing. About the author: Alan Warner (1921-- ), English teacher at Makerere College, Kampala(坎帕拉）, Uganda. The selection is Chapter 7 of his book A Short Guide to English Style (1961), which consists of three parts: part One, How to write clean English; Part Two, the development of English style; And Part Three, English styles today Analogy(类比） Analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things. Like comparison, analogy shows similarities, but unlike comparison, analogy aims at what is common between two things of different classes. Analogy is a method often used in exposition and description by which an unfamiliar object or idea is explained by comparing it with more familiar objects or ideas. 类比例子 对比和类比： 对比：a clumsy man VS a skillful carpenter 类比：e.g. the complicated and less tangible（可触摸的） process of learning a foreign language more familiar and visible process of building a house. The unpredictable vicissitudes (变迁，盛衰）of life unforeseeable changes of the sea in the course of navigation（航海） IV. Organization of the Text Part1: An analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words (Paragraph 1) 3. 2. The significance of finding the right words (Paragraphs 2 3) Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4 7) (1). Example 1 (human vs. humane) (Paragraph 4) (2). Example 2 (anxiety vs. eagerness) (Paragraph 5) (3). Example 3 (singularity vs. singleness) (Paragraphs 6 – 7) 4. Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations (Paragraph 8) Examples: imprison, contain, sum up, epitomize and distill