赢在单词必知：全面解析“否定词缀”!.doc

赢在单词必知：全面解析“否定词缀”！ 前缀in-, im-, il-, ir-可放在一些形容词前表否定 1. 作为否定词缀in-通常放在以a, c, d, e, f, i, n, o, p, s, t, v为首字母的形容词前,例如: articulate →inarticulate(不善于表达的) considerate →inconsiderate(不体谅别人的) credible →incredible(难以置信的) discreet →indiscreet(不慎重的) exact →inexact(不准确的) frequent →infrequent(不常发生的) 2. 作为否定词缀im-通常只放在以m, p为首字母的形容词前,例如: mature →immature(不成熟的) measurable →immeasurable(不可估量的) partial →impartial(不偏不倚的) patient →impatient(不耐烦的) 3. 作为否定词缀il-通常只放在以l为首字母的形容词前,例如: legal →illegal(不合法的) legible →illegible(无法辨识的) 4. 作为否定词缀ir-通常只放在以r为首字母的形容词前,例如: relevant →irrelevant(不相关的) reverent →irreverent(不恭的) 前缀un-也可放在一些形容词前表否定作为否定词缀un-通常放在以k, l, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, y等为首字母的形容词前。例如: wise →unwise(不明智的) forgettable →unforgettable(难忘的) un-也可放在一些动词前构成该动词的反义词,例如: dress(穿衣服)→undress(脱衣服) tie(系,捆,束)→untie(松开,解开) 前缀dis-可放在一些形容词和动词前构成与该词含义相反的新词 loyal →disloyal(不忠诚的) pleased →displeased(不高兴的) like →dislike(不喜欢) appear →disappear(消失) 前缀mis-可放在一些动词前表示错误地……,糟糕地…… understand →misunderstand(误解) use →misuse(滥用) lead →mislead(误导) 后缀-less可放在一些动词和名词后构成形容词,表示没有…,不能…… pity →pitiless(无情的) home →homeless(无家可归的) tire →tireless(不知疲倦的) reck→reckless(不计后果的) 提示:赢在单词一书指出具体哪个单词用哪个否定词缀,正如本文所述,有一定规律可循,但这些又不是绝对的规律,很多单词都需要我们分别记忆。所以对否定词缀的掌握,多看、多练是十分必要的。 考考你 用下列句子前括号里单词的适当形式填空。 1. (fear) John gave the chairman his honest opinion, _____ of the result. 2. (end) I’m fed up with your ____ complaining. 3. (close) The lifting of the curtain ____ a beautiful winter scene. 4. (appoint) My parents were _____ with me because I failed the exam. 5. (spell) The book contains quite a few _____ words; the proof- reader really should have been more careful. 6. (understand) Don’t ____ his silence for lack of interest; actually he is very interested in the subject we are discussing now. 7. (load) The American ship arrived at the port yesterday, and workers are _____ its contents in the harbor now. 8. (certain) I had a long talk with him yesterday, but I’m still _____ about his intention. 9.