wiki 百科美国文化 31页 - 副本.doc

Democracy in America From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Democracy in America Author Alex de Tocqueville Original title De la démocratie en Amérique Publisher Saunders and Otley (London), Now in public domain Publication date 1835-1840 This article is about the book written by Tocqueville. For the actual system of government used in the United States, see Politics of the United States. De la démocratie en Amérique (published in two volumes, the first in 1835 and the second in 1840) is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville on the democratic institution of the United States in the 1830s and its strengths and weaknesses. A literal translation of its title is On Democracy in America, but the usual translation of the title is simply Democracy in America. It is regarded as a classic account of the democratic system of the United States and has been used as an important reference ever since. The work is regarded as a seminal text in economics and a key work in the foundation of economic sociology. In 1831, twenty-five year-old Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont were sent by the French government to study the American prison system. They arrived in New York City in May of that year and spent nine months traveling the United States, taking notes not only on prisons, but on all aspects of American society including the nations economy and its political system. The two also briefly visited Canada, spending a few days in the summer of 1831 in what was then Lower Canada (modern-day Quebec) and Upper Canada (modern-day Ontario). After they returned to France in February 1832, Tocqueville and Beaumont submitted their report, entitled Du système pénitentiaire aux états-Unis et de son application en France, in 1833. When the first edition was published, Beaumont, sympathetic to social injustice, was working on another book, Marie, ou lesclavage aux Etats-Unis (two volumes, 1835), a social critique and novel describing the separation of races in a moral societ