中西语言特征对比.doc

The Comparison of the Chinese and English Languages 1.Perception V.S Rationality悟性与理性 —the Nature of Language 2. Parataxis V.S. Hypotaxis意合与形合 —the Character of Language ? 3.Vagueness V.S. Accuracy模糊与准确 —the Rhetoric Feature of Language [p?(r)sep?(?)n] n.感知；知觉; [?r???n?l?t?] n.合理性；推理力; [?p?r?‘t?ks?s]n.意合连接; [?ha?p??’t?ks?s] n. 主从结构,形合 Philosophy: ?[,p?r?t?ks?s] The Chinese language is influenced greatly by Confucianism as well as Taoism, and Buddhism. Li, one central idea of the Confucianism, refers to the set of rites or rules established by the Zhou Dynasty, which normalized the proper behavior of a variety of classed an grades in society And another central idea, Ren, means the desirable attribute of having an emotional concern for all living things, of which the aim is to achieve harmony between man and nature, or between man and man. This harmony is expected to be achieved by the happy mean中庸之道。 English is influenced by the formal logic of Aristotle and the rationalism popular in Europe in 16-18th century. So the English language focuses on强调 the linguistic forms, the logical deduction推理, and the textual hypotaxis 形合in which strict grammatical rules are used to keep an inherent logical relationship. ----rationality. 理性主义；唯理论 the belief that all behavior, opinions, etc. should be based on reason rather than on emotions or religious beliefs Sample: That that that that that that that girl used is wrong. 分析：划线that是指示代词（相当于the), 意思是那个；斜体that是引导定语关系从句的关系代词；引号内的that是名词。 翻译：那个女孩使用的那个that是错误的。 Due to the influence of the Chinese philosophy, the Chinese language features perception, spirituality and less rationality多灵性少理性, rich rhetoric methods, euphemism, implication of grammars and logical relations between the lines, more active and less passive sentences, more elliptical省略 and non-subject sentences. 请翻译：在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。（主语是什么？） The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped