高中英语语法-冠词和数词.doc

冠词和数词冠词是虚词，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。本身不能单独使用，冠词定冠词the Definite Article】和不定冠词the Indefinite Article】。 2.1不定冠词的用法不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 指某人或某事物，但不具体说明何人、何物。（指某人或某物，意为a certain。We work eight hours a day. I found a small boy crying in the corner. Is there a bank near here? A Mr. Lin is waiting for you. 表示“一”这个数量，但数量的概念没有one强烈。 I have an apple. 词组或成语a little, a few, a lot, a type of, a pile, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden 2.2定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。特指双方都明白的人或物 Take the medicine.　把药吃了。 上文提到过的人或事 He bought a house. 他买了幢房子。　 Ive been to the house.我去过那幢房子。 指世上独一无二的事物 the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 单数名词连用表示一类事物； the与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人用作复数the dollar美元;The fox狐狸 the rich富人;the living生者;the poor穷人例句：The poor are not always happy. 穷人并不总是幸福。 用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面 Where do you live?　I live on the second floor.　你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.　那正是我要找的东西。 与复数名词连用，指整个群体 They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.　(指部分教师) 表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm..　她抓住了我的手臂。 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前 the Peoples Republic of China　the United States of America　用在表示乐器的名词之前 She plays the piano.　她会弹钢琴。 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妇 the Greens　格林一家人(或格林夫妇) 用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoonevening),　the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday,　the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark, in the rain,　in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, in the whole,　by the way,　go to the theatre 2.3不用冠词的情形【Zero Article】 国名(简称)、人名之前 in England, Mary 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时 They are teachers. 他们是教师。 抽象名词表示一般概念时 Failure is the mother of success.　 物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词（当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词） Man cannot live without water.　 Cake is a kind of foo