实用英语语法讲稿Lecture 16-18.docVIP

Lecture 16 Subjunctive Mood Teaching Aims：Knowledge Aims: subjunctive mood Skill Aims: The uses of subjunctive mood Emotion Aims: The meaning that subjunctive mood expresses Important points: 1. BE-subjunctive 2.were-subjunctive Difficult points: The cases that subjunctive mood is used. Leading-in: Discussion: 1. How many types of subjunctive mood? List them. 2. In addition to the be-subjunctive and the were-subjunctive what can we use for expressing hypothetical meanings? General Information: MOOD, as a grammatical category, is a finite verb form that indicates whether an utterance expresses a fact (indicative mood), a command or request (imperative mood), or a non-fact and hypothesis (subjunctive mood). Modern English has not a developed mood system. Its indicative mood is unmarked, and over 90% of English sentences are expressed in this mood. The imperative mood is marked only when it occurs in an imperative sentence. Likewise, the subjunctive mood is marked only when it occurs in certain contexts, and is not so complicated as described in traditional grammars. In modern English, hypothesis can be expressed by a number of grammatical constructions, ie by the simple past/the past progressive/the past perfective , by the past tense of modal auxiliaries + infinitive / perfective infinitive, or by a special verb form denoting hypothesis－the subjunctive mood. There are two forms of the subjunctive: be-subjunctive and were-subjunctive. The present lecture will dwell on the uses of these two subjunctive forms. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BE-subjunctive The be-subjunctive, like the imperative, is realized by the base form of the verb. Whatever the person of the subject, the predicator invariably takes the base form. Consequently, where the clause has a plural subject, there is normally no distinction between indicative and subjunctive forms, except for the verb be.