Direct speech and indirect speech (直接引语和间接引语).doc

Unit one Direct speech and indirect speech （直接引语和间接引语） 一． 基本概念 I直接引语变为间接引语 1）、直接引语为陈述句 2）、直接引语为祈使句 3）、直接引语为疑问句 4）、直接引语为感叹句 II 1、直接引语和间接引语都属于宾语从句 2、直接引语和间接引语的概念 （1）直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话 （2）间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话 二．变换类型 1．直接引语为陈述句 直接引语为陈述句，用that引导（口语中可以省略）。引述动词有：say, tell等。 陈述句变间接引语要注意：1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3、时态的变化4、人称的变化 。 一般的规则：一随主，二随宾，三不变 例如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class. ” 1 第三者说：The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class. 2 别人对约翰说：The teacher said that you must bring your book to the class. 3 约翰自己说：The teacher said that I must bring my book to the class. I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 1〉指示代词的变化 this---- that these----those 2〉时间状语的变化 now---- then ago---- before today----that day yesterday----the day before; the previous day tomorrow----the next day; the following day the day before yesterday----two days before the day after tomorrow----two days later next week/month, etc.---- the next week/month, etc. last week/month, etc.---- the week/month before 3〉地点状语的变化 here----there 4〉动词的变化 come----go 注：在当地转述时，here不变为there，come不变为go. 在当天转述时，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不变。 II 时态的变化（1） 1〉主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变。 E.g. A. He says, “I’m tired.” He says he is tired. B. He has said to me, “I’m tired.” He has said to me he is tired. C. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 2、主句为过去时态时，直接引语一般作相应的变化，这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。 1）、一般现在时变为一般过去时。 e.g. He said, “I’m sorry.” He said he was sorry. 2）现在进行时变为过去进行时。 e.g. She said, “He’s waiting.” She said he was waiting. 3）现在完成时变为过去完成时。 e.g. He said, “You haven’t changed much.” He said that I hadn‘t changed much. 4）一般过去时变为过去完成时。 e.g. He sai