Testprep语法精解.docVIP

Testprep语法精解 Grammar The field of grammar is huge and complex--tomes have been written on the sub ject. This complexity should be no surprise since grammar deals with the pro cess of communication. GMAT grammar tests only a small part of standard written English. Grammar ca n be divided into two parts: Mechanics and Usage. Mechanics concerns punctuation, capitalization, etc. It is not tested on the GMAT nearly as often as is usage. So don’t spend too much time worrying whe ther the comma is in the right place or whether a particular word should be capitalized. Usage concerns how we choose our words and how we express our thoughts: in o ther words, are the connections between the words in a sentence logically so und, and are they expressed in a way that conforms to standard idiom? This i s the part of grammar that the GMAT concentrates on. Six major categories of usage are tested: Pronoun Errors Subject-Verb Agreement Misplaced Modifiers Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Idiom PRONOUN ERRORS A pronoun is a word that stands for a noun, known as the antecedent of the p ronoun. The key point for the use of pronouns is this: pronouns must agree w ith their antecedents in both number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third). Example: Steve has yet to receive his degree. Here, the pronoun his refers to the noun Steve. Following is a list of the most common pronouns: PRONOUNS Singular Plural Both Singular and Plural I, me we, us any she, her they none he, him them all it these most anyone those more either some who each that which many a both what nothing ourselves you one any another many everything few mine several his, hers others this that Reference ?A pronoun should be plural when it refers to two nouns joined by and. Example: Jane and Katarina believe they passed the final exam. The plural pronoun they refers to the compound subject Jane and Katarina. ?A pronoun should be singular when it