读名言学语法之动名词.docxVIP

第13章动名词动名词是由动词转化而成的名词，兼有动词和名词的双重特点，在句中作名 词使用，但本身又具有动词的一些特征，如可以有宾语和状语，可以有完成式和 被动式。动名词的形式为：一般情况下在动词末尾加-ing，和现在分词的变化规则完全一样。动名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。13.1.1动名词作主语Losing can be a real beginning.失败可以成为真正的开始。Having intimate friends is happiness in itself.拥有知己这本身就是幸福。While winning is not everything, trying to win is everything.尽管取胜并不重要，但努力去赢得胜利却是重要的。Constant dripping wears away a stone.滴水穿石。有时，将作主语的动名词置于句尾，用代词it作形式主语，这种情况多见于It is no use(或good) doing sth.句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”。It is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶已洒，哭也无用。It is no use pumping a dry well.枯井打水，徒劳无益。It is no use thinking about one’s lost youth.追忆逝去的青春是没有用的。13.1.2动名词作宾语 动名词可以作动词和介词的宾语。①作动词的宾语 有些特定动词要求其后作宾语的动词用动名词形式。Genius means working hard all one s life.天才意味着终生努力。As long as you live, keep learning how to live.只要活着，就要不断地学习如何生活。You are never a loser until you quit trying.只要不放弃努力，你就绝不是失败者。You are not here merely to make a living. You are here to enable the world to live more amply.你来到世上不仅仅为了谋生。你来到世上是为了让世界生活得更富庶。②作介词的宾语 动词在介词后面只能用动名词形式作宾语。Life consists not in holding good cards，but in playing well those you hold.人生并不在于抓到好牌，而在于打好手中的牌。Keep on learning as long as you live.活到老，学到老。The secret of happiness is to admire without desiring.幸福的秘诀在于欣赏但不希冀。13.1.3动名词作表语Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.勇气就是去做自己害怕去做的事情。Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.人生是画一幅图画，而不是做一道算术题。The ultimate goal should be doing your best and enjoying it.最终目标应该是竭尽全力，乐此不疲。The greatest pleasure in life is doing what others say you cannot do.人生的最大乐趣就是去做别人说你做不了的事情。Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.教育并非注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。13.1.4动名词作定语动名词可以作定语，修饰另一个名词，往往表示所修饰名词的功能或用途。如下 列词组：chewing gum 口香糖 dividing line 分界线 dressing table 梳妆台 driving license 驾驶执照 living standard 生活水平 magnifying glass 放大镜 operating room 手术室 racing car 赛车dining hall 餐厅 drawing board 画板 drinking water 饮用水filling station 加油站 looking glass 镜子marketing manager 销售经理 playing ground 运动场 reading room 阅览室sitting room 客厅 starting point 起点stumbling block 絆脚石 walking stick