《关于建筑行业安全施工的分析毕业设计外文文献翻译中英文翻译》.docVIP

附 录A Analysis of Safety Performance in the Construction Industry Data source: The HKU Scholars Hub Over the years, many researchers have investigated into the safety performance of the construction industry. Some of them identified factors leading to the occurrence of accidents on construction sites. The high frequency of construction accident has casted the industry a considerable amount. The government and many concerned parties have taken measures against the potential causes of accidents, aiming at reducing accidents and promoting safety in the industry. 1. Definition of Accident Laney (1982) states that the simplest definition of an accident is “an uncontrollable occurrence which results in injury or damage”. The events leading up to an accident are controllable in most cases. International Labor Office Geneva (1983) and Kennedy (1997) also agree that accidents don’t just happen, they are preventable. All industrial accidents are, either directly or indirectly, attributable to human failings. Rowlandson (1997) points out that a number of elements which need to be incorporated into the definition if this is to be useful in terms of accident prevention. These elements are: a. lack of management control; b. basic personal and task factors; c. sub-standard acts and conditions – the symptoms of the accident; d. an unplanned and undesired event or incident – the accident; e. an undesired outcome – death, injury or property damage; f. a cost. He thus defines accident as: “... an unplanned incident leading to death, injury or property damage which stems from inadequate management control of work processes manifesting itself in personal or job factors which lead to substandard actions or conditions which are seen as the immediate causes of the accident.” 2. Common Accidents in Construction Industry According to Lingard and Rowlinson (1994) accident proneness can be measured by the frequency of accident occurrence. According to some researches, construction ind