沥青混合料配合比设计体积指标.ppt

* The effective specific gravity of the aggregate is determined after the aggregate is coated with asphalt. The mass is the dry mass of the aggregate without asphalt but the volume is the volume of the dry particle plus only the surface aggregate voids not filled with asphalt. * As with aggregates, it is the specific gravities of materials which define the relationships between mass and the volume it occupies. Air voids, VMA, and VFA are the volumetric measurements which are used in mix design calculations. * VMA is calculated using the bulk specific gravity of the compacted sample, the percent of stone (i.e, 100 - the percent asphalt), and the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate. Because it is difficult and time consuming to obtain the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate, a number of states are substituting the effective specific gravity of the aggregate. This value is simply a calculation using test results that have to be determined anyway. Altering the VMA calculation this way will result in an increase in the value. If this substitution is made, then either a correction factor is needed or the VMA requirements need to be adjusted for local aggregate properties. * VFA is the volume of the effective asphalt and is expressed as the percent of the VMA which is asphalt. * The specific gravity of the compacted sample is defined in this slide. * This specific gravity is determined as described in this slide. * The mass of the oven dry specimen is being determined in this photograph. The next step is to place the specimen in the water bath directly below the scale (not shown) and determine its mass under water. * The last step is to determine the mass of saturated surface dry specimen (SSD). SSD is obtained by quickly blotting the sample so that the surface is still wet but not shiny. * As with the specific gravity equations for aggregates, this equation is also the relationship between the mass of the specimen to the mass (volume) of water it displa