[医学保健]消化系统_3075.pptVIP

2．固有层 固有层内紧密排列有大量腺体—胃底腺、贲门腺和幽门腺，腺体间及胃小凹间有少量结缔组织。 (1)胃底腺(fundic gland) 又称泌酸腺（oxyntic gland）, 数量最多，功能最重要的，腺体呈分支管状，分峡、颈、底三部，峡部与胃小凹底部相连；胃底腺主要由主细胞、壁细胞、颈粘液细胞、干细胞和少量内分泌细胞组成。 digestive tract\structure of gland.ppt Fundic glands Distribution: present in the body and fundus of stomach Structures: Simple or branched tubular glands. The glands open into gastric pits. Each pit can receive the opening of several glands. The epithelium of the glands includes chief cells, parietal cells, neck mucous cells, stem cells and endocrine cells. 主细胞(chief cell) 又称胃酶细胞（zymogenic cell) 主要分布于腺底部。 LM 细胞呈柱状，核圆，近基部；核周及基部胞质嗜碱性， 顶部胞质染色浅。 digestive tract\chief cell-1.ppt EM 核周RER丰富，Golgi体发达，顶部酶原颗粒多。 digestive tract\chief cell.ppt 功能 分泌胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen) Chief cell, peptic cell or zymogen cell LM: Low columnar, A round and basally-located nucleus. Basal cytoplasm is basophilic and apical is light-stained. EM: RER, Golgi apparatus and apical granules . Functions: secrete pepsinogen (activated pepsin by gastric acids). Pepsin can break down proteins into peptides and solid food become liquefied. 壁细胞(parietal cell) 又称泌酸细胞(oxyntic cell) 主要分布于腺的上部。 LM 细胞体积较大，呈锥体形或圆形，胞质嗜酸性强，核圆， 位于细胞中央。 digestive tract\parietal cell-HE.ppt EM 细胞内有许多分泌小管；分泌小管周围有表面光滑的小 管、小泡，统称微管泡系统，为分泌小管膜的储备形式； 细胞内线粒体丰富，少量粗面内质网和高尔基复合体。 digestive tract\parietal cell-1.ppt 内因子的功能 抗恶性贫血 H2O + CO2 H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- Cl- HCl 功能 分泌盐酸，盐酸能激活胃蛋白酶、杀菌； 合成分泌内因子（intrinsic factor）。 Parietal cell or oxyntic cell LM: large, pyramidal with round and centrally-located nucleus. The cytoplasm is strongly acidophilic. EM: Intracellular canaliculus (IC), which bear microvilli in the wall. Tubulovesicles (TV) and Abundant Mitochondria . Functions: secrete hydrochloric acid and produce intrinsic factor. 颈粘液细胞（neck mucosa cell) 位于腺颈部 LM 细胞呈楔形，核扁平，居细胞底部；核上