biochemistry 中国药科大学考研复试专业英语部分.ppt

Biochemistry is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. Generally speaking it is concerned with the chemistry of those compositions (such as protein, fat, saccharide and nucleic acid )found in living organisms and their metabolic process. Saccharide 糖is a general synonym for sugars. They can be classified as monosaccharide, oligosaccharide少 and polysaccharide. Monosaccharide are the simplest carbohydrates. They cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars. Examples are ribose, glucose, fructose and galactose. Monosaccharides are classified by the number of carbon atoms they contain: Triose, Tetrose, Pentose, Hexose, Heptose, Octose, Nonose, Decose, Glucose Fructose Galactose Ribose An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to ten) of component sugars, such as lactose and sucrose.蔗糖 Polysaccharides are relatively complex carbohydrates. They are polymers made up of many monosaccharides, such as starch淀粉, glycogen 糖原and. As a group, the polysaccharides play diverse and important roles within the biology of life processes; however, they can be divided into two broad groups according to their function. Structural polysaccharides (such as cellulose) These polysaccharides are water insoluble and usually perform as strong support material in plants and animals. Storage polysaccharides (such as glycogen) Lactose sucrose Starch In humans and other vertebrates脊椎动物 it is principally stored in the liver and muscles and is the main form of stored carbohydrate in the body, acting as a reservoir of glucose (which the glycogen can be broken down into) for when the body is being starved of food. According to their component, polysaccharide can be divided into Homopolysaccharide: polysaccharide formed from only one kind of monosaccharide. Heteropolysaccharide: polysaccharide formed from different kinds of monosaccharide Proteins are macromolecules大分子 made of amino acid