大学英语四级考试作文指导2.doc

如何写好一个段落 英语段落的扩展、衔接与连贯 一 1） 内容上的连贯： 这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的，文章中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。就各段而言，其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行，不能说与主题句无关的东西。 Sports benefit us in many respects. (1) When taking part in sports, we get the chance to train almost all parts of our body. There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit. (2) Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health. (3) Through participation, everyone can learn that on the playing field he not only competes for himself but also for his team. Sports teach us about consideration, cooperation and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties. 第一句是本段的主题句，接下来作者从体育运动对身体的好处说了两句，第四句讲述体育运动对心理方面的益处，第五句从团队的方面加以论述，最后一句既是论据，同时也是对前面三点的概括。全段没有一句话脱离主题句。 2. 连贯的第二层含义指的是表达上的连贯。文章的段落之间、段落中各句子之间要有一定的衔接。 段落结构和句与句之间的衔接应遵照一定的顺序; 段落之间的连接也应符合逻辑。这样使文章连贯紧凑，自然流畅，层次分明，脉络清晰。 The weather has been changeable. On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees. Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear winter coats. And it remained gloomy the next day. To our pleasure, by Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. But Thursday tuned out to be as hot and humid as an August day. Worse still, it began to rain this morning, and it looks as if we’ll l have a cold, steady wind for a few days. 时间上的连接（时间顺序）为蓝色部分引导； 表达上和意义上的连贯为红色部分引导 表达上的连贯常用代词或有意地重复手段和是使用关联词语或一些修辞上的手法(如排比句或比喻等)。 代词和有意的重复可起到衔接的作用。例如在上面的例子中，在提到星期二时，没有用Tuesday，而是用了the next day，避免重复，并把这两天连在一起，让人感觉到了前后的承接。再如最后一句中原文用的是Friday morning，改为this morning后，意义并没有改变，但一下子把距离拉近了，既承接起前面的五天，又能与后一分句中的将来时有效的结合。 需要注意的是，关联词的使用是与段落（文章）的展开方法密切相关的，不要为了使用关联词而使用关联词。下面结合段落的展开方法具体加以说明。 段落的展开方法 1. 列举法和举例法 列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想, 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。 Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120